From New Zealand realm to sovereign recognition: understanding the Cook Islands

Understanding the Cook Islands: From New Zealand Realm to Sovereign Recognition

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Geography and Population

Located between New Zealand and Hawaii, the Cook Islands consist of 15 islands and atolls spanning 1.9 million square kilometers. As of 2021, its population stood at 15,040.

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New Zealand Relationship

The Cook Islands were part of New Zealand’s territory from 1901 until they became self-governing in 1965, maintaining a free association with New Zealand. As a realm country, alongside Niue and Tokelau, it has its own government, with King Charles III as head of state.

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Cook Islanders hold New Zealand citizenship, granting them full rights to live, work, and access public services in New Zealand. While there have been discussions about introducing Cook Islands citizenship and passports, the idea was dropped due to legal constraints requiring a referendum.

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Currently, about 94,000 Cook Islands Māori reside in New Zealand, with over 7,000 in Australia.

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Foreign Affairs and Security

Under the 2001 Joint Centenary Declaration, the Cook Islands conduct international relations as an independent state, with New Zealand providing foreign affairs and defense support upon request. Both nations consult regularly on foreign policy and security matters.

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Despite its diplomatic recognition, the Cook Islands is not a United Nations member. However, in 2023, the United States officially recognized it as a sovereign and independent state.

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Economy

Tourism is the backbone of the Cook Islands’ economy, though there are ongoing efforts to explore deep-sea mining. In 2019, it was classified as a high-income country, making it ineligible for Official Development Assistance under OECD guidelines.

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